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Sachin Tendulkar to Retire From Test Cricket After Record Career
By Rakteem Katakey - Oct 11, 2013 12:00 AM GMT+0530
India’s Sachin Tendulkar, whose 15,837 runs are the most in Test cricket history, said he’s retiring from elite five-day matches, ending his record-setting 24-year career.
Tendulkar, 40, will play his final two matches next month against the West Indies to lift his world record tally to 200 Tests. He quit one-day internationals in December.
Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar plays a shot during a training session at the Cricket Club of India in Mumbai. Photographer: Indranil Mukherjee/AFP via Getty Images
“It’s been a huge honor to have represented my country and played all over the world,” Tendulkar said in a statement released yesterday by the Board of Control for Cricket in India. “I look forward to playing my 200th Test match on home soil, as I call it a day.”
Nicknamed “Little Master,” the 5-foot-5 Tendulkar holds almost all of cricket’s major batting records, including the most runs and centuries in Test and one-day international matches. He became the first player to hit a one-day international double-century two decades after his debut in 2010, score 50 Test hundreds and tally an unprecedented 15,000 Test runs. In 2011, he helped India win its first Cricket World Cup title since 1983.
“He is without doubt the greatest cricketer India has produced,” BCCI President N. Srinivasan said in the organization’s statement. “In fact one should really say he ranks among the top of all-time great sports persons in the world. He has been an inspiration for generations of sportsmen not just cricketers.”
Batting Style
With a batting style founded on balance, precision and anticipation, and his mastery of an array of strokes, Tendulkar was able to score runs in all conditions and in any country. He made his test debut at age 16 against Pakistan in November 1989, with his first one-day international against the same opponent the following month.
He registered his first three-figure score in Tests against England in 1990 at the age of 17.
“There is going to be a big vacuum not only in India but in the world cricket community,” former cricketer Vinod Kambli, a childhood friend of Tendulkar, said in an interview. “What he has brought to the game can’t be matched. Youngsters of today won’t have a legend to look up to. We will have to wait for another phenomena like him to take cricket to the next level.”
Tendulkar has played 198 Tests matches for India with an average of 53.86. His total of 15,837 runs in the format played over five days is 2,459 runs more than former Australia captain Ricky Ponting, who is second on the all-time list. In the 50-over format, Tendulkar ended his career with an average of 44.83 scored over 463 games.
“All my life, I have had a dream of playing cricket for India,” he said. “I have been living this dream every day for the last 24 years. It’s hard for me to imagine a life without playing cricket because it’s all I have ever done since I was 11 years old.”
Tendulkar, an idol in his native India, scored an unprecedented 100th international hundred against Bangladesh in March 2012. It was his most recent century.
“One of my heroes and an absolute joy to play against,” former England captain Michael Vaughan said on his Twitter feed. “The Master brought a lot of happiness globally.”
Puja (Hinduism)
Pūjā or alternative transliteration Pooja, (Devanagari: पूजा) (Urdu: پوجا) (Sanskrit: reverence, honour, adoration, or worship) is a religious ritualperformed by Hindus as an offering to various deities, distinguished persons, or special guests. This has also been followed by Buddhists and Sikhs to honour various beliefs. In Hinduism, it is done on a variety of occasions and settings, from daily puja done in the home, to temple ceremonies and large festivals, or to begin a new venture.[1] The two main areas where puja is performed is in the home and at public temples. There are many variations in scale, offering, and ceremony.[2] Puja is also performed on special occasions such as Durga Puja and Lakshmi Puja. The puja is performed by Hindus worldwide. Various poojas are performed at various times of the day and at various times.
Bakri - Id
Bakr-id, to be rightly called Id-ul-Azha, is one of the most important Muslim festivals. This festival is observed and celebrated as a Festival of Sacrifice by Muslims all over the world. It falls on the 10th of Dhul-Hagg, the last month of the lunar year. Bakrid is celebrated in commemoration of Abraham's willingness to offer his only son as a sacrifice at God's command. On this day, goats are sacrificed as an offering. Bakrid is celebrated with great enthusiasm and vigor among Muslims. Men and women dress up in new clothes and go to mosques. They offer special prayers or 'Dua' for the peace and prosperity of all Muslims. After the prayer, sacrifice is done. Muslims greet one another 'Eid Mubarak' and share their warmth. They visit relatives and friends and exchange gifts. Special delicacies and dishes are prepared and served amongst family and friends.
History
The history of Eid-al-Adha/ Bakrid dates back to the times of Ibrahim. On the day of Bakrid, Muslims observe animal sacrifice to commemorate the sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim (Peace be upon him). Ibrahim dreamt of being commanded by God to sacrifice the person dearest to him to check his obedience. Ibrahim decided to sacrifice his only son Ismail who was just 13 years old at that time. When Ibrahim revealed to him about God's command, he was surprised to see the boy not defying the fact of being sacrificed. When Ibrahim was about to sacrifice the boy, Allah voiced stating that he need not carry out His order, as he had passed the test of devotion. He was further instructed to sacrifice a lamb instead of his only son. Ibrahim, by the Grace of Allah was blessed with another son, Is-haaq (Isaac). The history of Hajj pilgrimage revolves around the surrender of Ibrahim and his family to Allah. Bakrid is a celebration of ardent faith of the believers in Allah and His word Quran. It is recommended that the sacrifice is made in the name of Allah. The offering that is sacrificed is divided into three portions: One being set apart for personal consumption, another part to be distributed amongst friends and relatives and the third part to be given to the poor and needy.
Celebrations And Rituals
Eid-al-Adha/ Bakrid holds animal sacrifice as one of the most significant aspects in its celebration. In order to honor the event of Ibrahim's attempt to sacrifice his son, Muslims commence animal sacrifice, so as to conform to Allah's command, and Allah's mercy in substituting a lamb for the child. A goat, a sheep or a cow is sacrificed according to the laid down rules. One third of the meat is retained for family, while another third is distributed among friends and relatives and the remaining one third is given in charity for the poor and the needy. People wear new clothes on this occasion. They offer their prayers in a gathering in an open area called Eidgah or a mosque. People engage in animal sacrifice, performed duly in tune with the religious laws. Muslims make it a point to see that everybody becomes a part of the Eid feast. They chant Takbir loudly before and after offering their Eid prayers; the sacrifice is made and distribution of meat takes place. The sacrificed animal needs to meet somecertain age and quality standards as otherwise the animal would be considered inappropriate for sacrifice.
Commonly Celebrated
Bakri-Id, also known as Eid-al-Adha is extremely important to Muslims and thus, they celebrate it with great zeal and enthusiasm. It is celebrated on the 10th day of the 12th month, Dhu a-Hijjah. It occurs after the Hajj pilgrimage, which is the fifth pillar of Islam, undertaken by the Muslims. It is celebrated with ritualistic fervor in Andhra Pradesh and in particular, the old city of Hyderabad.
Business process outsourcing
Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing that involves the contracting of the operations and responsibilities of specific business functions (or processes) to a third-party service provider. Originally, this was associated with manufacturing firms, such as Coca Cola that outsourced large segments of its supply chain.[1]BPO is typically categorized into back office outsourcing - which includes internal business functions such as human resources or finance and accounting, and front office outsourcing - which includes customer-related services such as contact center services.
BPO that is contracted outside a company's country is called offshore outsourcing. BPO that is contracted to a company's neighboring (or nearby) country is called nearshore outsourcing.
Often the business processes are information technology-based, and are referred to as ITES-BPO, where ITES stands for Information Technology Enabled Service.[2] Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) and legal process outsourcing (LPO) are some of the sub-segments of business process outsourcing industry.
In 2010, the Philippines surpassed India as the largest business process outsourcing industry in the world.[3][4]
After growing 20 per cent in 2012, the BPO industry of the Philippines is estimated to gross revenue of upwards to $25 billion by 2016. By these estimates, the Philippines' BPO industry will account for approximately 10 per cent of the nation's GDP.
Benefits and limitations
The main advantage of BPO is the way in which it helps increase a company’s flexibility. However, several sources[which?] have different ways in which they perceive organizational flexibility. In early 2000s BPO was all about cost efficiency, which allowed a certain level of flexibility at the time. Due to technological advances and changes in the industry (specifically the move to more service-based rather than product-based contracts), companies who choose to outsource their back-office increasingly look for time flexibility and direct quality control.[6] Business process outsourcing enhances the flexibility of an organization in different ways:
Most services provided by BPO vendors are offered on a fee-for-service basis, using business models such as Remote In-Sourcing or similar software development and outsourcing models.[7][8][citation needed]. This can help a company to become more flexible by transforming fixed into variable costs.[9] A variable cost structure helps a company responding to changes in required capacity and does not require a company to invest in assets, thereby making the company more flexible.[10] Outsourcing may provide a firm with increased flexibility in its resource management and may reduce response times to major environmental changes[citation needed].
Another way in which BPO contributes to a company’s flexibility is that a company is able to focus on its core competencies, without being burdened by the demands of bureaucratic restraints.[11] Key employees are herewith released from performing non-core or administrative processes and can invest more time and energy in building the firm’s core businesses.[12] The key lies in knowing which of the main value drivers to focus on – customer intimacy, product leadership, or operational excellence. Focusing more on one of these drivers may help a company create a competitive edge.[13]
A third way in which BPO increases organizational flexibility is by increasing the speed of business processes. Supply chain management with the effective use of supply chain partners and business process outsourcing increases the speed of several business processes, such as the throughput in the case of a manufacturing company.[14]
Finally, flexibility is seen as a stage in the organizational life cycle: A company can maintain growth goals while avoiding standard business bottlenecks.[15] BPO therefore allows firms to retain their entrepreneurial speed and agility, which they would otherwise sacrifice in order to become efficient as they expanded. It avoids a premature internal transition from its informal entrepreneurial phase to a more bureaucratic mode of operation.[16]
A company may be able to grow at a faster pace as it will be less constrained by large capital expenditures for people or equipment that may take years to amortize, may become outdated or turn out to be a poor match for the company over time.
Although the above-mentioned arguments favor the view that BPO increases the flexibility of organizations, management needs to be careful with the implementation of it as there are issues, which work against these advantages. Among problems, which arise in practice are: A failure to meet service levels, unclear contractual issues, changing requirements and unforeseen charges, and a dependence on the BPO which reduces flexibility. Consequently, these challenges need to be considered before a company decides to engage in business process outsourcing[17]
A further issue is that in many cases there is little that differentiates the BPO providers other than size. They often provide similar services, have similar geographic footprints, leverage similar technology stacks, and have similar Quality Improvement approaches.
Threats
Risk is the major drawback with Business Process Outsourcing. Outsourcing of an Information System, for example, can cause security risks both from a communication and from a privacy perspective. For example, security of North American or European company data is more difficult to maintain when accessed or controlled in the Sub-Continent. From a knowledge perspective, a changing attitude in employees, underestimation of running costs and the major risk of losing independence, outsourcing leads to a different relationship between an organization and its contractor.[19][20]Risks and threats of outsourcing must therefore be managed, to achieve any benefits. In order to manage outsourcing in a structured way, maximizing positive outcome, minimizing risks and avoiding any threats, a Business continuity management (BCM) model is set up. BCM consists of a set of steps, to successfully identify, manage and control the business processes that are, or can be outsourced.[21]
Another framework, more focused on the identification process of potential outsourceable Information Systems, identified as AHP, is explained.[22]
L. Willcocks, M. Lacity and G. Fitzgerald identify several contracting problems companies face, ranging from unclear contract formatting, to a lack of understanding of technical IT- processes.[23] BPO is a sector which is processed business from outsources.
Industry size
India has revenues of US$10.9 billion[24] from offshore BPO and US$30 billion from IT and total BPO (expected in FY 2008). India thus has some 5-6% share of the total BPO Industry, but a commanding 63% share of the offshore component. This 63% is a drop from the 70% offshore share that India enjoyed last year: despite the industry growing 38% in India last year, other locations like Philippines, and South Africa have emerged to take a share of the market[citation needed]. The South African call center industry has grown by approximately 8% per year since 2003 and it directly employs about 54 000 people, contributing 0.92% to South Africa's gross domestic product(GDP).[25] China is also trying to grow from a very small base in this industry. However, while the BPO industry is expected to continue to grow in India, its market share of the offshore piece is expected to decline. Important centers in India are Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Patna, Trivandrum, Bhubaneswar and New Delhi. In fact, the Philippines has overtaken India as the largest call center industry in the world in 2010.[3]The Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) countries, along with the People's Republic of China and India—known collectively as ACI countries—are likely to see services like BPO figure strongly in their economies over the medium term. Services trade among ACI countries has been growing at a very rapid rate over recent years, despite starting from a relatively low baseline. Although data are scarce and must be interpreted with caution, an analysis of applied services sector policies in the region suggests there is much policymakers can do to intensify this process, and increase the pace at which the transformation to a service economy is taking place.[26]
Eastern Europe is also an emerging BPO destination. McKinsey reported that in 2010, 33,000 jobs were moved to Eastern European countries.[27] While the overall size of the industry and the number of developers in Eastern Europe is lower than India, the knowledge of European language such as French, Spanish, German and Italian by many Eastern Europeans, as well as the overall high quality of education in these locations, allows the BPO industry in this region to continue to grow. For example, the region has an estimated 17.2 million people with a tertiary education, compared to 13.6 million in India, making it an attractive choice for BPO, especially if more specialized projects are to be outsourced.
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